The recently popular TV drama "Strange Tales of Tang Dynasty: Chang 'an" has gone viral

最近火出圈的电视剧《唐朝诡事录之长安》

Is everyone chasing after it?

大家都在追吗？

Su Wuming inside was conferred the title of "Doctor of Criminal Justice"

里面的苏无名被封为“刑狱博士”

This couldn't help but make Xiao’An feel puzzled

这不禁让小安心生疑惑

Did the term "doctor" exist in the Tang Dynasty?

“博士”这个词在唐朝就有了吗？

In fact, the term "doctor" emerged much earlier than the Tang Dynasty

其实，“博士”这个词语的出现，远早于唐朝

Many seemingly modern words have existed since ancient times

许多看似现代的词语，在古代就已存在

It has only been endowed with new meanings as The Times have evolved

只是随着时代发展被赋予了新意义

The term "doctor" has been recorded in the classics of the Pre-Qin period

“博士”一词在先秦典籍中就有记载

战国晚期的《荀子·礼论》：

“天子之博士，掌通古今。”

“博”意为广博、渊博。

“士”指有学识的人。

The two characters combined mean "a learned man", which in modern plain language means "a person with profound knowledge"

两个字合起来就是“博学之士”，用现代大白话来说就是“学识渊博的人”

VCG

During the Warring States Period, doctors were mainly responsible for preserving documents and archives, compiling writings, imparting knowledge and cultivating talents

战国时期，博士主要负责保管文献档案、编撰著述、传授学问和培养人才

The Qin Dynasty had the position of "Doctor Official"

秦朝设有“博士官”

The members include Confucian scholars, alchemists, etc

成员包括儒生、方士等

Responsible for managing books and classics, participating in political deliberations, and imparting knowledge

负责掌管图书典籍、参与议政、传授学问

According to the Records of the Grand Historian

据《史记》记载

During the reign of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, there were seventy doctors

秦始皇在位时，设有七十位博士

The Han Dynasty inherited the system of the Qin Dynasty

汉朝继承秦制

Emperor Wu of Han adopted Gongsun Hong's suggestion

汉武帝采纳公孙弘的建议

Among the Five Classics

在《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《春秋》这五经之中

Each time, one doctor is appointed

每经分别设置一名博士

The "Five Classics Doctor" emerged

产生了“五经博士”

Outstanding young people selected by the imperial court

朝廷选拔出的优秀青年

I will study under the Doctor of the Five Classics

会跟随五经博士研习学问

Those with outstanding academic performance can be appointed to official positions

成绩优异者能获授官职

Take on the important responsibility of imparting Confucian classics

承担起传授儒家经学的重任

During the Tang Dynasty, the title was changed to "Doctor of the Imperial College"

唐朝改称国子监博士

Full-time teaching

专职教学

Professionals who are proficient in a certain skill can all be given this title

精通某项技艺的专业人士都可获此称谓

Such as medical doctors, computer science doctors, etc

如医学博士、算学博士等

After the Song Dynasty

宋朝以后

The title "Doctor of the Five Classics" has become a historic title

“五经博士”成为历史性称呼

It is no longer an actual position

不再是实职

In folk terms, a learned person is called a "doctor"

民间称饱学之士为“博士”

There are also titles such as "Tea Doctor" and "Wine Doctor"

还出现“茶博士”“酒博士”等称呼

Used to refer to practitioners in the service industry

用来指代服务行业从业者

……

In modern times

到了近代

The Imperial University of Peking was established in 1898

1898年京师大学堂设立

Use "Doctor" for the highest title of academic degree

将“博士”用于学位最高头衔

In 1902, the Qing government's "Regulations for Imperial Schools" officially stipulated that "Doctor" would replace "jinshi"

1902年清政府《钦定学堂章程》正式规定“博士”取代“进士”

Become the highest degree and achieve international alignment

成为最高学位，实现与国际接轨

In 1912, the "University Decree" of the Republic of China established doctors of Liberal Arts and Doctors of science

1912年民国《大学令》设文科博士和理科博士

Since then, "Doctor" has completely become an academic title and has continued to this day

从此“博士”完全转向学术头衔，一直延续至今

The meaning of "Doctor" has changed with The Times

“博士”的含义随时代变迁

It has undergone a significant transformation from an official title to an academic title

完成了从官职名到学术头衔的重大演变

Finally, translate it with the loanword "Doctorate"

最后与外来词语“Doctorate”对应翻译

Form a "doctor" in the modern sense

形成现代意义上的“博士”

There are many words like "doctor" with different meanings throughout history

类似“博士”这样古今含义不同的词语还有很多

For instance, "economy", the Pre-Qin period

比如“经济”，在先秦时期

The meaning of "economy" is "governing the world and benefiting the people"

“经济”的含义是“经世济民”

That is, governing the country and benefiting the people falls within the realm of political philosophy

即治理国家、造福百姓，属于政治哲学范畴

The modern meaning has transformed into the activities of social material production and reproduction

而现代含义变成了社会物质生产和再生产的活动

It may refer to the income and expenditure situation of an individual or a family

或指个人、家庭的收支状况

Corresponding to "Economy"

与“Economy”对应

Language is the mirror of The Times

语言是时代的镜子

The evolution of word meanings bears witness to the development and changes of society

词语含义的演变见证了社会的发展与变迁

Let's experience together the unique charm of language in the long river of history

让我们一起感受历史长河中语言的独特魅力吧